Thursday, December 6, 2012
no cauvery water to tamilnadu
shettar has told that no cauvery water to tamilnadu. his name itself is telling it.
Friday, November 30, 2012
engineering colleges
National Institute of technology
thanjavur main road
nh 67
tiruchi 620015
0431 2500370
Indra Ganesan college of engineering
Madurai main road
Manikandam
Tiruchi 620012
09442828200
Shivani Engineering college
Poolangulathupatti
nh 83
tiruchi
620009
04312914306
mount zion college of engineering
lena vilakku,pilivalam po
pudukkottai dist
622507
04322 320801
MIET engineering college
Gundoor
tiruchi
620007
04312660303
Shanmuganathan engineering college
arasampatti
pudukottai dist
622507
04333 274913
Sudharsan engineering college
sathyamangalam
sathyamangalam
pudukkottai
622501
sec.ac.in
sec.ac.in
MNSK college of engineering
Pudukkottai
Dhakshinapuram
Vallathirakottai
pudukkottai
622305
09442600519
Pavendar Bharathidasan college of engineering
Mandaiyur
tiruchi
622515
04339250356
Mother therasa college of engineering
Illuppur
Mettusalai
pudukkottai dist
622102
09677521115
Chenduran college of engineering
lena vilakku
pulivalam 622507
Mookambiga college of engineering
kalamavur
keeranur
622502
keeranur
622502
SASTRA institute of technology
thirumalaisamudram
613401
613401
tiruchi thanjavur road
Periyar maniammai college of engineering
vallam
613403
613403
Kings Engineering college
pudukkottai main road
punalkulam
613303
613303
pudukkottai dist
04362 - 282474
kingsindia.net04362 - 282474
Thursday, November 29, 2012
hotels
Radha cafe
north main street
thanjavur main road
Pudukkottai
vegetarian
good for Velankanni Temple visitors from Kerala
and Ayyappan temple visitors from Thanjavur, Nagappattinam,
Tiruvarur and other northern districts.
boarding available.
Gowri Nivas
north main street
thanjavur main road
Pudukkottai
vegetarian
good for Velankanni Temple visitors from Kerala
and Ayyappan temple visitors from Thanjavur, Nagappattinam,
Tiruvarur and other northern districts.
boarding available.
Hotel Tamilnadu
a branch of Tamilnadu Government Hotel chain
behind New Bus Stand
Pudukkottai
catering available
Sathyam Hotel
womens college road
pudukkottai
fully equipped A.C non A.C rooms
catering available
star comfortablity
hotel palaniappa
west main street
pudukkottai
pure and good non vegetarian dishes
famous for their quality
hotel shivalaya
thirumayam main road
(rameshwaram road)
near RKP theatre
pudukkottai
for serine atmosphere
bar attached
hotel Maris
west main street
pudukkottai
high comfort and luxury
bar attached
north main street
thanjavur main road
Pudukkottai
vegetarian
good for Velankanni Temple visitors from Kerala
and Ayyappan temple visitors from Thanjavur, Nagappattinam,
Tiruvarur and other northern districts.
boarding available.
Gowri Nivas
north main street
thanjavur main road
Pudukkottai
vegetarian
good for Velankanni Temple visitors from Kerala
and Ayyappan temple visitors from Thanjavur, Nagappattinam,
Tiruvarur and other northern districts.
boarding available.
Hotel Tamilnadu
a branch of Tamilnadu Government Hotel chain
behind New Bus Stand
Pudukkottai
catering available
Sathyam Hotel
womens college road
pudukkottai
fully equipped A.C non A.C rooms
catering available
star comfortablity
hotel palaniappa
west main street
pudukkottai
pure and good non vegetarian dishes
famous for their quality
hotel shivalaya
thirumayam main road
(rameshwaram road)
near RKP theatre
pudukkottai
for serine atmosphere
bar attached
hotel Maris
west main street
pudukkottai
high comfort and luxury
bar attached
women education
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முத்துலட்சுமி ரெட்டி
கட்டற்ற கலைக்களஞ்சியமான விக்கிப்பீடியாவில் இருந்து.
முத்துலட்சுமி ரெட்டி (1886 - சூலை 22, 1968) புதுக்கோட்டை, தமிழ்நாடு) இந்தியாவில் ஒரு முன்னோடிப் பெண் மருத்துவர், சமூகப் போராளி, தமிழார்வலர். இவர் 1912 ஆம் ஆண்டு சென்னை மருத்துவக் கல்லூரியில் இருந்து பட்டம் பெற்று மருத்துவச் சேவையாற்றினார்.
பொருளடக்கம்[மறை] |
[தொகு]பிறப்பு
புதுக்கோட்டை சமஸ்தானத்தில் திருக்கோகர்ணம் என்ற இடத்தில் கவுரவமான ஒரு குடும்பத்தில் 1886-ஆம் ஆண்டு. நாராயண சாமி, சந்திரம்மாள் தம்பதியருக்குப் பிறந்தார் முத்துலட்சுமி இவர் உடன் பிறந்தவர்கள் சுந்தரம்மாள், நல்லமுத்து என்று இரண்டு தங்கைகள், இராமையா என்று ஒரு தம்பியும் ஆகும்
[தொகு]திருமணம்
திருமணத்தில் ஆர்வம் இல்லை. அவருடைய விருப்பமெல்லாம் படிப்பிலும், சமூகப் பணியிலுமே இருந்தது. இருப்பினும் சகோதர, சகோதரிகளின் வாழ்க்கையை மனதில் கொண்டு திருமணத்திற்கு சம்மதித்தார். அவருடைய கணவர் டி.சுந்தரரெட்டி அடையாறில் அன்னிபெசன்ட் (Anni Besant) அம்மையாரால் நிறுவப்பட்ட பிரம்மஞான சபையில், மூட நம்பிக்கைகள், அர்த்தமற்ற சடங்குகள் ஆகியவற்றைத் தவிர்த்து திருமணங்களை நடத்தி வந்தனர். அங்கேதான் முத்துலடசுமி-சுந்தரரெட்டி திருமணம் 1914-ஆம் ஆண்டு ஏப்பிரல் மாதத்தில் நடந்தது. இவருக்கு இரண்டு மகன்கள். மூத்த மகன் இராம்மோகன் திட்டக்குழுவின் இயக்குநராகப் பணியாற்றினார். இரண்டாவது மகன் கிருஷ்ணமூர்த்தி தாய்-தந்தையைப் போல ஓரு மருத்துவர்.
[தொகு]தமிழ்ப் பணிகள்
இந்திமொழிக் கிளர்ச்சியில் பங்குபெற்றார். தமிழிசை இயக்கம், தமிழ் வளர்ச்சி, தமிழாசிரியர்களின் ஊதிய உயர்வுப் போராட்டம் எனத் தமிழ்ப் பணிகள் செய்தார். மாதர் இந்திய சங்கம் நடத்திய பெண்களுக்கான 'ஸ்திரீ தர்மம்' என்னும் மாத இதழின் ஆசிரியராக விளங்கினார்.
[தொகு]சமூகப்பணி
- 1926-ஆம் ஆண்டு 43 நாடுகளின் பிரதிநிதிகள் கலந்து கொண்ட அகில உலகப் பெண்கள் மாநாடு, பிரான்சு நாட்டுத் தலைநகர் பாரீசில் நடைபெற்றது. அதில் இந்தியாவின் சார்பில் முத்துலட்சுமி ரெட்டி கலந்து கொண்டார். அப்போது அவர் நிகழ்த்திய செற்பொழிவில், ஆண்களுக்கு நிகராகப் பெண்கள் முன்னேற வேண்டும். பெண்களை அடிமைகளாக நடத்தும் வழக்கம் ஒழிய வேண்டும் என்று வலியுறுத்தினார்.
- அன்றைய சென்னை மாகாண சட்டசபைக்கு முத்துலட்சுமி தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். அதன் மூலம் சட்டமன்றத்துக்குத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட முதல் பெண்மணிஎன்ற பெருமை பெற்றார்.
- 1925-ஆம் ஆண்டு சட்டசபைத் துணைத்தலைவராகத் போட்டியின்றி தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார். இந்தப் பதவியில் இருந்த ஐந்தாண்டுளில் சில புரட்சி சட்டங்களைக் கொண்டு வந்து நிறைவேற்றினார். அவற்றில், தேவதாசி முறை ஒழிப்பு, இருதார தடைச் சட்டம், பெண்களுக்குச் சொத்துரிமை வழங்கும் சட்டம், பால்ய விவாகங்களை தடை செய்யும் சட்டம் போன்ற சில குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவை.
- அனாதையாக்கப்பட்ட குழந்தைகளை வளர்த்து அவர்களுக்கு நல்ல எதிர்காலத்தை உருவாக்க உருவானதே அவ்வை இல்லம் அடையாறில் அமைந்துள்ள இதனை அமைத்தவர் முத்துலட்சுமி.
- சென்னையில் புற்றுநோய் மருத்துவமனை அமைக்க பலவிதங்களிலும் நிதி திரட்டினார். இன்று புற்று நோயாளிகளுக்குப் புகலிடமாக விளங்கும் அடையாறு புற்றுநோய் மருத்துவமனைக்குப் பிரதமர் நேரு 1952-ஆம் ஆண்டு அக்டோபர் மாதத்தில் அடிக்கல் நாட்டினார்.
[தொகு]விருதுகள்
முத்துலட்சுமியின் சேவைகளுக்காக மத்திய அரசு பத்ம பூஷண் விருது கொடுத்து கௌரவித்தது.
[தொகு]மறைவு
முத்துலட்சுமி (Dr Muthulakshmi Reddy) 1968-ஆம் ஆண்டு ஜூலை மாதம் 22-ஆம் தேதி மறைந்தார்
history
HISTORICAL SKETCH
OF PUDUKKOTTAI
Pudukkottai was organised as a separate district, on
14th January 1974, comprising the former Pudukkottai Division of Tiruchirappalli
district with some additions from Thanjavur district. At present, this district is composed of two
Revenue Divisions, namely, Pudukkottai and Aranthangi and eleven Taluks,
namely, Kulathur, Illuppur, Alangudi,
Pudukkottai, Gandarvakottai, Thirumayam, Aranthangi, Avudaiyrakoil, Manamelkudi,
Arimalam and Kundrandarkoil. There
are 757 Revenue Villages. The area of
the district is 4663 Sq.Kms. The population of the district is 16,18,725.Literacy
rate is 77.76 (Male 86.19, Female 69.51, as per Census 2011 ). The district depends a great deal on the
monsoon for its water supply.
Many of the villages are of ancient foundation. The district was one of the homes of
pre-historic man. A very large number of
burial sites found in the northern and western parts of the district attest
this fact. A very brief sketch of political history is given here in order to
appreciate and understand the mixed legacy of antiquities, monuments, epigraphs
and the like. The history of Pudukkottai
is an epitome of the history of South India.
In and around Pudukkottai, there
are many vestiges of the oldest habitations of man and some of the lithic
records known in the south. The Pandyas,
Cholas, Pallavas, Haysalas, Vijaynagar and Madurai Nayaks ruled over this part
of the country and fostered it's communual organisations, trade and industries
and embellished it with temples and monuments of outstanding merit.
Sangam age
Sangam Tamil literatures mention some place names of the
district. Oliyamangalam (Thirumayam Taluk)
is called as Ollaiyur in Purananuru. It
was the birth place of poet Ollaiyur Kilan Makan Perumchattan and Ollaiyur
Thantha Budha Pandyan. Agananuru also
mentions Ollaiyur. It seems to have been
an important city of the Pandyas. Four
other places also find place in the Sangam classics. They are Ambukkovil, the ancient Alumbil,
referred to in Agananuru; Avur the home
of the poets Avurkilar, Avur Mulamkilar; Erichi, the ancient Erichalur
which had been identified with Erichi
Village in Pudukkottai - Aranthangi road (But according to recent researches a village near Illupur). It
was probably the home of the poet Madalan Madurai Kumaranar. Avayapatti is traditionally associated with
Avvaiyar, who is believed to have lived here for some time.
This district was under the Pandyas of the first empire
during Sangam period, but some part of it's northern boundary had been under
the influence of the Cholas of Uraiyur, since a few villages here bear the
prefix like "killi" and "valavan" both of which are the titles
of the Cholas. The district shares the large prosperity of the maritime trade
of the Tamils, Karukkakurichi, the place of find of a treasure trove of more
than 500 Imperial Roman Gold and Silver Coins, the largest ever recorded from a
single hoard deserves notice in the context of the early history of the
district. This place lies in Alangudi taluk, with in a short distance north of
Aranthangi and the adjoining old ports of Mimisal and Saliyur in the same area
and Tondi further south. The site of find
would mark an important Indo-Roman
trading centre, through which the inland trade route ran between the western
and eastern ports during that time. This is indicated by chain of such Roman
coin hoard sites such as Korkai, Kilakkarai, Alagankulam all on the eastern sea
coast. While Karukkakuruchi is a bit
inland but not far away from port like Mimisal.
There are also few other sites of such finds in the east
coast. These, while pointing out the
exchanges of the exportable products for Roman gold and silver currency would
also indicate the places mentioned to have been active trade centres. The Karukkakurichi hoard contained the issues
of the Roman emperors and their queens, successively from Augustus(BC 29 - AD
14) upto Vaspasianus (69-79 AD)
Kalabhras
From about the end of fourth century about the last
quarter of sixth, the district, like many other parts of Tamil Nadu was under
the Kalabhras. It must have come under the King Kurran, inscription of whom has
been found in Pulankurichi near Ponnamaravathi
in the district.
The next phase in the history of the district, follows
the overthrow of Kalabharas by Kadungon in Pandya country about 590 AD. The first Pandya empire inaugurated by
Kadungon spread in to the district. This
is shown by the presence of inscription of the rulers of this dynasty in
Kudumianmalai, Thirugokarnam and Sittannavasal.
The poem, Pandimandala sathakam
states that Pandya land's northern frontier was river Vellar. The Vellar
that flows north of Pudukkottai town has been from the ancient times was the
traditional boundary separating the terrains of the Cholas and Pandyas. This dividing line formed the Konadu and
Kanadu, on the north and south respectively.
Age of Pandyas and
Pallavas
Thus the district became a kind of marchar land between
the Pandyas and Pallavas. The Pandyas
and Pallavas carried on the wars by proxy through their subordinate chiefs the
Mutharayars and Velirs. Among the
Velirs the most well known are the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. The Kodumbalur Velirs located in the
political buffer zone between the kingdoms of the Cholas and Pandyas and formed
the family of nobility from which kings and other chiefs made matrimonial
alliance.
The period of three centuries between C 600 and C 900 AD
relates to the reign of the Pallavas of Kanchi and Pandyas of Madurai who ruled
over the entire Tamila Nadu with their boundary in between their empires
oscillating on either side of river Kaveri the bone of contention being
Cholamandalam the home of Cholas and the fertile Kaveri delta that was the
granary of the south and as such always been the cynosure of all powers
contending for supermacy during the entire historical period. The Cholas themselves were in eclipse and
hibernating only to revive again in the ninth century, when the Pallava power
came to an end, the Pandyas were holding on for some more time to yield place
ultimately to the waxing Chola power.
Though Mahendravarma Pallava (604-630 A.D) inherited the
Pallava empire from his victorious father Simhavishnu that reached up to the
bank of the Cauvery, Cholamandalam could not be retained by his immediate
successor, as it was over-run by the Pandyas of the further south. The tract north and south of river Vellar
were in the hands of the Mutharayar chieftains who till their annihilation by
the resurgent Chola line of Vijayalaya, were owing alternate allegiance to the
super powers. The Irukkuvelirs, at the
end became the firm allies of the Cholas.
Thus, one cannot expect to find early Pallava monuments,
antiquities and inscriptions in Pudukkottai region but only those of the
contemporary Pandyas along with those of Mutharaiyars and Irukkuvelirs. Later Pallavas wrested the tract from the
hands of the Pandyas. The tract come
under the Pallavas from the time of Nandhivarman-II (730-796 AD) when the
Pallavas power reasserted itself in Cholamandalam and the tract south of
Kaveri, reaching a little south beyond Vellar, comprising the northern half of
the Pudukkottai district. This period is
thus marked by the presence of rock cut cave temples of the Pandyas and
Mutharaiyars.
The available historical evidence under the first Pandya
empire is rather scanty. The best known
is the inscription at Sittannavasal in the reign of Srimara Srivallaba (851-862
AD) and at Kudumianmalai in the reign of Kochadayan Ranadheeran or Sadayan
Maran (C 700-730 AD). In the reign of
Maravarman Rajasimha-I (C 730-760 AD) a number of battles were faught against
the Pallavas, one of the sites was Kodumbalur. The inscription of the reign of
Nedunchadayan, (C 768-816 AD) the greatest king of the dynasty is found in
Thirugokarnam and Nirpalani. Of the reign of three successors of Srimara
Srivallaba ending with Rajasimha-II (C 920 AD)
who lost his kingdom to the resurgent Cholas, there are no reference about
the Pandya rulers in the district.
The Pallava references to places and incidents in the
district are equally scanty. The earliest reference of the historical events in
the district find place in the Pandya records of Velvikudi and Sinnamanur
plates which say that Maravarman Rajasimha defeated Nadhivarman Pallava Malla
at Kodumbalur. The inscriptions of his
successors are found in Kunnandarkoil, Malayadipatti and Rasalipatti.
The age of Pallavas and Pandyas of the first empire, the
Mutharaiyars and Irukkuvelirs was the age of Tamil Bhakthi Movement. The Thevaram mentions several temples in the
district. The three Nayanmars from this
district were, Idangalinayanar of Kodumbalur, Perumizhalai Kurumbanayanar
associated with Devarmalai and Kulachirai Nayanar of Manamelgudi.Jainism well flourished in
Pudukkottai area up to 11th century. There are a number of Jaina vestiges in
the district. The Buddhist vestiges in the district come from the former
Thanjavur district. Buddha idols are
found at Kottaipattinam and Karur.
Chola rule
With the exit of Pallavas from the political scene and
the subsequent elimination of the Pandya power by the Cholas who established
themselves at Thanjavur as their capital at the close of 9th century. By 11th century they extended their sway even
beyond, Tamilakam. Pudukkottai among many other places come under them. Their rule extended till about the middle of
13th century when the Pandyas staged a comeback.Under Chola Vijayalaya, this
district formed part of his dominion but perhaps fitfully. The notion that some temples of nineth
century in the district, belong to early Chola period, is erroneous. The Pandyas still held power in the region. It was not until the reign of Parantaka-I
(907-955 AD). Vijayalay's second successor, that the Cholas conquered the
entire Pandya land. The Kodumbalur
chiefs helped Parantaka in his campaign and remained faithful to the Cholas
thereafter.
The rule of Rajaraja-I shows a brilliant part in the
history of the district in common with that of Tamil Nadu. The full benefaction of the Chola rule is
revealed in their inscriptions in the district.
These inscriptions are of great value is showing how effectively local
administration functioned in this part of Chola Kingdom.
Rajaraja-I appointed his son the viceroy of the
conquered Pandya and Chera lands. The
entire district formed part of the Chola kingdom until the last year of
Kulothunga-III (1178-1218 AD). At the
death of Rajaraja-II and the succession of Rajadhiraja-II, the Chola power began
to decline.
The fall of Cholas
The Pandyas began to assert their independence from the
time of Kulothunga-I. Towards the end of
the reign of Raja Raja-II, Kulasekara one of the two contenders for Pandya
throne pealed the Chola for help. His
rival Parakrama turned towards Srilanka.
Pudukkottai also become seat this civil war. Parakrama Babu the Srilanka king sent an army
to assist Parakrama Pandya according to Culavamsa, the Sinhalese chornicle the
Sinhalese army engaged itself in the war
in the parts of the district and burnt down the three storeyed palace at
Ponnamaravathi. The outcome of the civil
war became disastrous to the Cholas.
The history of the district after the fall of Cholas
could not be told in detail for the records are comparatively minimal.. The Pandyas of the second empire spread their
influence in the district gradually. The Pandya power reached its height in the
district under Jatavarman Sundra Pandya-I and Jatavaraman vira Pandya-I the
joint rulers. The inscription of Virapandya
in Kudumianmalai, throws much light on his relationship with Srilanka and his
kingdom across the seas. During the
reign of Maravarman Kulasekara-I who acceded in 1268 A.D, Marcopolo the
Venetian traveler visited Pandya country.
Towards the end of Kulasekara's
reign Jatavarman Virapandya-II and Jatavarman Sundara Pandya-II, the
brothers quarreled. This led to a civil
war in Pandya country resulting in
political unrest and confusion.
Muslim rule
Malikafur the general of Alaudeen Khalji the Sultan of
Delhi took advantage of this and invaded Pandya country. This led to the
incorporation of the Pandya country in the Delhi empire in subsequent
years. A sultanate was established at Madurai. There are two inscriptions relating to the
period of the Sultans of Madurai in the district, one at Rangiam (1332 AD) and
another at Panaiyur (1344 A.D).
Nayaks
The brief spell of
Muslim rule (Sultanate of Madurai) at Madurai lasted for about 75 years and
again there was political unrest and chaos and Pudukkottai region also shared
the fate. Minor princes ruled small
territories here and there. By about
1371 AD. Kumarakampana, the Vijayanagar prince took over Madurai and the Sultanate
came to an end. But the Pandya power
did not survive on the Hindu conquest and slowly it ceased to be a historical
force in the district.
The Hoysalas of Karnataka arrived in the southern part
of Tamil Nadu and actively intervened Chola - Pandya feuds and soon they came
to occupy the region on either banks of river Cauvery with the capital at
Kannanur (modern Samayapuram). They
established themselves in the area by the middle of 13th century and much of
the Pudukkottai area was under their sway till the end of 13th century.
The Vijayanagar Rayas centered in Hampi took over Madurai,
from the Muslims when the whole of southern Karnataka, Andra and Tamilnadu came
under one rule - the Vijayanagar empire.
Under the Vijayanagar Sangama dynasty (1336-1485 A.D)
the inscriptions in the district refer to many local chiefs such as Suraikudi,
Perambur, Sendavanmangalam, Vanadaraiyar, Gangaiaraiyar and Thondaimans of Aranthangi. During the brief Saluva rule (1485-1505 A.D)
Narasimha Raya the first Saluva emperor, during a tour of his dominions passed
through Pudukkottai country on his way to Madurai. Vira Narasimha Nayak, the Tuluva usurper and
the general of Saluva Narasimha-I, led a campign against the Pandya chiefs and
marched through Pudukkottai.
A great Personality of the Tuluva dynasty (1505-1570
A.D) was Krishna Deveraya (1509-1529 A.D). He had visited Brahadamba Gokarnesa
temple at Thirugokarnam on his way to Rameswaram and gifted many valuable
presents to the temple. Under his
successor eastern part of Pudukkottai district formed part of the Thanjavur
kingdom for some time and the rest was under the Madurai Nayaks. The Thondaimans of Pudukkottai rose to power
by about the end of 17th century.
The Thondaimans of
Pudukkottai
The provincial viceroys of the Vijayanagar empire, the
Nayaks of Madurai and Thanjavur asserted independence after the downfall of the
empire. The Pudukkottai area thus came
under the Nayaks of Madurai nominally and under the Thanjavur Nayaks
frequently.
The Thondaimans of Pudukkottai came to rule with full
sovereignty over the Pudukkottai area from the middle of the 17th century till
it's amalgamation with the rest of India after Indian Independence in 1947. The
ancestors of the Pudukkottai ruling line of Thondaimans, are migrants from
Thiruppathi region in the Thondaimandalam, the northern stretch of the ancient
Tamil Kingdom, along with the Vijaynagar army, which was in engagement in this
part of territory in the early 17th century.
It is probable that one among them got some lands assigned to him by the local Pallavarayar chieftain and settled
down at Karambakudi and Ambukovil area, and became the chieftain of the area,
later came to be called as the progenitor of Thondaimans of Pudukkottai ruling
house. According to the legendary
account found in a Telugu poem, Thondaiman Vamasavali, the Thondaimans belonged
to Indravamsa and the first ruler was Pachai Thondaiman.Avadi Raya Thondaiman,
the successor of Pachai Thondaiman, with the favour of Venkata Raya-III
(1630-1642 A.D) the king of Vijayanagar got extented the land in his possession
in the region and he was also conferred the title Raya.The Avadai Raya
Thondaiman inherited Vijayanagar tradition and the Thondaimans of later period
adopted it.
His son Ragunatha Raya Thondaiman came close to the
Nayak of Thanjavur and Rangakrishna Muthuvirappa Nayak of Tiruchirappalli. He was appointed as the arasu kavalar of
Tiruchirappalli. Vijaya Raghunatha
Kilavan Sethupathi (1673-1710 A.D) the Sethupathi ruler of Ramanathapuram
married Kathali Nachiar the sister of Thondaiman. This marriage strengthened
the ties between these dynasties. The
Sethupathi presented the tract of land to the south of Vellar to the
Thondaiman. Thus the Pudukkottai
territory was enlarged. This account is
called the Sethupathi origin of Pudukkottai country and expansion of Thondaiman
rule. the Thondaiman's rule was
established south of Vellar and Raghunatha Raya Thondaiman was in estimation to
the status of a bigger territory by about 1686 A.D., and he ruled up to 1730
A.D.
About the time that Raghunatha Raya Thondaiman became
the ruler of Pudukkottai, Namana Thondaiman, his brother became the chief of
Kulathur Palayam (present Kulathur taluk area) with the blessings of the Nayak
king Ranga Krishna Muthuvirappa of Tiruchirappalli (1682-1689 A.D) and Kulathur
continued as seperate "principality - with it's ruler known as Kulathur
Thondaiman " till about 1750 A.D when it was annexed to Pudukkottai. Reghunatha also got some territories by
victory, consolidating Pudukkottai rule roughly constituting the former
Kulathur, Alangudi and Thirumayam taluks.
The tract contained in these taluks, later came to be known as
Pudukkottai State
Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Thondaiman (1730-1769 A.D) was
the second in the line of Thondaimans. During his period the whole of India come under the umbrella of the
Mughals. The Nayakdoms of Ginjee,
Thanjavur and Madurai were subjugated and became tributaries of the Mughal rule
so also the smaller palayams which were under them. The Nizam of Hydrabad was appointed as the
Mughal representative of South India, in turn the Nizam entrusted the Tamilnadu
region then known as Carnatic, to the Nawab of Arcot. Many of the tributory states did not remit
the tributes regularly and such provinces were invaded by the Nawab's forces. Nothing like this happened in the case of
Pudukkottai and was left undisturbed by the Nawab. The famous war of succession
to the office of Nawab of Carnatic between Mohamad Ali and Chanda Sahib, became
in due course a war of supermacy between the English and the French in South
India which resulted in the Carnatic wars.
The French supported the cause of Chanda Sahib and the English were on
the side of Mohamed Ali. The war lasted
for many years mainly around Tiruchirappalli.
The Thondaiman was firmly on the side of the English at his time while the
rulers like Thanjavur Marathas wavered. At last the English emerged as the
masters of this land. This firm help of
the Thondaiman to the English was rewarded by the exemption of tribute by the
victorious Nawab and later this was continued by the English.
British period
The Thondaiman's act of friendship towards English
continued by the next ruler Raya Raghunatha Thondaiman (1769-1789 A.D). Because
of this the Thondaiman had to encounter the strong forces of Hyder Ali.Vijaya
Raghunatha Thondaiman (1789 - 1807 A.D) helped the English and the Nawb. The Nawab Mohamed Ali conferred up on the
Thondaiman the title "Raja Bahadur".
The political wind was in favour of the English. The entire Carnatic region was taken over by
the English by 1800. During the process
of consolidation of the English rule, the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom was taken
away, Ramanathapuram was reduced to a Jamindari but Pudukkottai was on the firm
grounds and it was allowed to be seperate principality (not as a part of
British India) with honours and was high in British favour. Pudukkottai was treated as a State and the
Raja was quasi-independent ruler with full powers of administration. It was
during the time of this ruler Vijaya Raghunatha Thondaiman, the Poligar war
took place between the English and the rebelious palayakars of Thirunelveli,
the most significant of whom was Veerapandia Kattabomman or Kattabommu
Nayak. Kattabomman defied the authority
of English in collecting revenues on the Sicar lands and also in remitting the
tribute regularly. Hostilities commenced
against him, and Panchalamkurichy fort was attacked. Kattabomman escaped and was proceeding to
Sivaganga through the forest in the Thondaiman country. At the request of the English administration
Kattabomman was captured near Thirumayam by the soldiers of Thondaiman and
handed over to the English at Madurai.
Later Kattabomman was hanged at Kayattar. The defiant valour of Kattabomman came to be
better appreciated with the passage of time.
While Kattabomman has risen in general estimation as a hero, the image
of Thondaiman as reflected in the events of the time, has suffered a fall
because capturing and handing over of Kattabomman and come to be regarded as
betrayal and as an unpatriotic act. Seen however in the political backround
then prevailed in the context of Thondaiman's fidelity to the English in
prosperity and adversity and to the fact that Kattabomman never sought asylum
with Thondaiman and hence the Thondaiman's role may objectively summed up as
the reflex action of the ally and does not amount to betrayal.
The next ruler Raja Vijaya Reghunatha Raya Thondaiman
(1807-1825 AD) was crowned when he was a minor and the British Government
appointed Major John Black Burn, to undertake the management of the province of
Pudukkottai. Since he was the former
Resident of Thanjavur he brought to Pudukkottai a good deal of Thanjavur
administration of Maratha mystique and Marathi was the language of
administration of Pudukkottai for about seventy five years. Revenue and Judicial administration of same
method and complexity were introduced in Pudukkottai. A palace with citadels
and broad moat was constructed for the Thondaiman (the old palace in the centre
of the town). The town was planned with
straight roads bisecting each other in the four directions of the palace and
thus Black Burn laid the foundation for modern town of Pudukkottai. (This palace, "The old palace" has
disappeared completely, we can see the remains of the high wall in a few places
in the vicinity of the present west main street and south main street
(Rajaveethi)).
Raghunatha Thondaiman (1825 - 1839 A.D) was conferred
with the title "His Excellency" by the British Government. He planned in 1830 to bring the Cauvery water
to Pudukkottai through a new canal but could not succeed due to paucity of
funds. Raghunatha Thondaiman was
succeeded by his son Ramachandra Thondaiman (1839 - 1886) His long tenure of
office was marked by extravagance and gross mismanagement. An administrator Seshaia Sastri arrived at
the scene as Dewan in 1878 and carried out many reforms. Among them was the remodelling of Pudukkottai
town incorporating the principles of town planning which were little followed
in the country at that time. The
towering administrative office building in red brick colour in Pudukkottai was
constructed under the supervision of Seshaiah Sastri. The Pudukkulam, the big lake in the town was
another creation of Seshaiah Sastri.
Ramachandra Thondaiman has renovated many temples in the State. He was succeeded by Marathanda Bhairava
Thondaiman.
Marthanda Bhairava Thondaiman (1886-1929) became the
ruler of the state at the age of 11. The administration was looked after by a
council with the approval of the British Government. He toured in Europe extensively. He married an Australian lady. A son was born to him though this marriage
(later known as Sydny Marthanda). But
his succession was opposed by the public.
The British administration also refused to recognise the marriage. Hence the Raja abdicated his throne and settled in Paris and died in 1928 and
cremated at London.
Raja Rajagopala Thondaiman (1928 -1948) the last and
ninth in the line of Thondaiman rulers, was selected by the British Government and was crowned when
he was six years old. The administration
was looked after by English administrators, among them Alexandar Totenham was
noteworthy. The important architectural
contribution of this period is the New Palace - which was built in 1930 in Indo
- Serasenic Dravidian architecture.
This beautiful granite structure now houses the District Collector's
Office.
Pudukkottai the
Princely State
After Indian
independence in 1947, the Pudukkottai Princely State was amalgamated with
Indian Union on 04/03/1948 and became a division in Tiruchirappalli district.
The long history of the Thondaimans rule came to an end.
Such a brief historical sketch covering a period of time
of over two millennia will beside acquainting one with the political forces and
trends of the area located at the centre of Tamil Nadu, will help to appreciate
the nature, variety, origin chronology and importance of the monuments their
inscriptions architecture, sculptures iconography and other aesthetic contents.
Courtesy: http://www.wikipedia.org/
and other Pudukkottai sites.
“கலச மங்கலம்“ முதல் .... புதுக்கோட்டை
வரை ...
ஆட்சித்துறை ...
பழந்தமிழகத்தில் “புதுக்கோட்டை“பகுதிகள்–
மன்னராட்சியில் “புதுக்கோட்டை“யானது –
சுதந்திரப் போராட்டக் காலத்தில் -
இந்தியாவுடன் இணைந்தபின் -
1948 முதல் 1974 வரை
புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டமான பின் -
1974 முதல்... இன்று வரை
கலைத்துறை ...
திரைப்படத்தில் – பி.யு.சின்னப்பா,
ராஜா சாண்டோ, ஜெமினி கணேசன்,
ஏவிஎம்.ராஜன்,
பா.நீலகண்டன், பாண்டிராஜ்,
தம்பி
ராமையா, முரளி அப்பாஸ், கருணாஸ்
ஓவியத்தில் - சித்தன்ன வாசல், “ஓவிய மன்னர்“ ராஜா, மாருதி
இசையில் -
வலையப்பட்டி சுப்பிரமணியன்,
மிருதங்கம் தட்சிணாமூர்த்திபிள்ளை
கஞ்சிரா மாமுண்டியா பிள்ளை
கிராமியக்
கலையில் - மாநிலத் தலைமையகமே இங்குதான் ...
பொன்னமராவதி
ஆறுமுகம்
அரசியல் - - மன்னர்கள்
– பாஸ்கரத் தொண்டைமான்
-
ராஜகோபாலத்
தொண்டைமான் – “மேயர்“ சாருபாலா அம்மையார்
-
சேஷய்யா
சாஸ்திரிகள் – (நகரமைப்பை உருவாக்கிய திவான்)
-
டாட்டன் உறாம் –
அலுவலகக்கோப்பு முறை உருவாக்கியவர்
-
மரு.முத்துலட்சுமி
(சட்டமேலவையின் முதல்பெண் உறுப்பினர்)
-
சத்தியமூர்த்தி (தலைவர்
காமராசரின் அரசியல் குரு)
-
காட்டுப்பட்டி
இராமய்யா (தமிழக அமைச்சர்-காங்கிரஸ்)
-
க.மு.வல்லத்தரசு (முதல்
நாடாளுமன்ற உறுப்பினர்)
-
ஆர்.உமாநாத்
(நாடாளுமன்ற உறுப்பினர்-புதுக்கோட்டையைத் தனி
மாவட்டமாக்க வேண்டுமென்று முதலில் பேசியவர்)
-
இராம.வீரப்பன்
(அறநிலையத்துறை அமைச்சர் – அதிமுக)
-
அ.பெரியண்ணன்
(அரசுக் கொறடா-திமுக)
-
சு.திருநாவுக்கரசர்
(தமிழகத் தொழில் அமைச்சர் – அதிமுக)
-
ப.சிதம்பரம்
(மத்திய நிதி அமைச்சர் – காங்கிரஸ்)
-
க.சந்திரசேகரன்
(கால்நடைத்துறை அமைச்சர்-அதிமுக)
-
எஸ்.ரகுபதி (மத்திய
மாநில அமைச்சர் – அதிமுக, திமுக)
-
அ.வெங்கடாச்சலம்
(மீன் வளத்துறை – அதிமுக)
-
சு.இராதாகிருஷ்ணன்
(பால்வளத்துறை – அதிமுக)
-
அ.சுப்பிரமணியன்
(ஆதிதிராவிடர் நலத்துறை – அதிமுக)
கல்வி
--
முத்துலட்சுமி அம்மையார்,
-- குலபதி பாலையா பள்ளி
-- மாமன்னர் கல்லூரி
-- ராணியார் பள்ளி
-- கலைமகள் கல்லூரி - கொப்பனாப்பட்டி
-- கணேசர் செந்தமிழ்க் கல்லூரி - மேலைச்சிவபுரி
-- சுப்புராமர் பள்ளி
-- பிரகதாம்பாள் பள்ளி
-- உலகப்பர் பள்ளி - கடியாப்பட்டி
-- முன்மாதிரிப் பள்ளி
-- அரசு மகளிர் மேல் நிலைப் பள்ளி சந்தைப்பேட்டை
-- அரசு மகளிர் மேல் நிலைப் பள்ளி சந்தைப்பேட்டை
நூலகம் – “ஞானாலயா“ - அரசு மற்றும் தனியார் நூலக விவரங்கள்
இலக்கியம் --
--சங்க இலக்கியத்தில்
- ஒல்லையுர்(ஒலியமங்கலம்),
ஒக்கூர்,(ஆவுடையார்கோவில்)
அழும்பில்கோவில்(அம்புக்கோவில்), எரிச்சலூர்(எரிச்சி),
ஆவுர்கிழார்,
ஆவுர் மூலங்கிழார், நக்கண்ணையார்(பெருங்களுர்)
மிழலைக்கூற்றம்(மணமேல்குடி),
புத்தமித்திர்ர் (பொன்பேத்தி)
--சித்தர் இலக்கியத்தில்
-சிவவாக்கியர் (பெருங்களுர்)
--பக்தி இலக்கியத்தில்
-மாணிக்கவாசகர் (ஆவுடையார்
கோவில்)
-குலச்சிறை நாயனார், மங்கையர்க்கரசியார்
(மணமேல்குடி)
-குமரேச சதகம் எழுதிய குருபாத தாசர் (புல்வயல்)
-இடங்கழி நாயனார் (கொடும்பாளுர்)
--இருபதாம் நூற்றாண்டில்...
--பிரபஞ்ச ஜோதி பிரசுராலயம்-வெ.சாமிநாத
சர்மா
--பாரதிதாசனின் ............................ பதிப்பகம்
--கண்ணதாசனின் பத்திரிகைப்பணி (கடியாப்பட்டி-“திருமகள்”)
--ஜெயகாந்தனின் “பொன்னி“ இலக்கிய இதழ்
--பெருங்களுர் பி.வி.அகிலாண்டம் –
“ஞானபீடம்“அகிலன்
--குழந்தைக் கவிஞர் அழ.வள்ளியப்பா (கீழச்
செவல்பட்டி)
--திருக்குறள் கழகம் “அண்ணலார்“ பு.அ.சுப்பிரமணியனார்
--கந்தர்வன் (புகழ்பெற்ற கவிஞர் மற்றும்
சிறுகதையாளர்)
--பாலா (சாகித்திய அகாதெமி தமிழ்மொழிக் குழுவின்
ஒருங்கிணைப்பாளர்)
மருத்துவம் --மருத்துவர் வி.கே.இராமச்சந்திரனார்
சுற்றுலாத் தலங்கள் ...
-- ஆவுடையார்
கோவில் (கொடுங்கைச் சிற்பம்)
-- குடுமியான் மலை (இசைக்கல்வெட்டு)
-- சித்தன்ன வாயில் (ஓவியர், சமணர்
படுக்கை)
-- விராலி மலை (மயிலாடும் மலைக்கோவில்)
-- திருமயம் (குகைக் கோவில் மற்றும்
கோட்டை)
-- கொடும்பாளுர் ( இராசராசன் பெண்
கொண்ட ஊர்)
-- திருக்கோகர்ணம் (குடைவரைக் கோவில்)
-- குன்னாண்டார் கோவில் ( குடைவரைக்
கோவில்)
-- மலையக் கோவில் (மகேந்திர வர்மன்)
-- அருங்காட்சியகம்(தமிழகத்தின்
இரண்டாவதுபெரிய அருங்காட்சியகம்)
-- முத்துக்குடா (புதுக்கோட்டை-இராமநாதபுரம்
மாவட்ட எல்லை
பழமையான வழிபாட்டுத் தலங்கள் –
-- ஆவுடையார் கோவில் – மாணிக்கவாசகர் கட்டிய
திருப்பெருந்துறை
-- விஜயாலய சோழீச்சரம் – (விஜயாலய
சோழன் கட்டிய கோவில்)
-- பிரகதாம்பாள் ஆலயம் –
திருக்கோகர்ணம்,
-- அரங்குளநாதர் ஆலயம் – திருவரங்குளம்
-- நாகநாதர் ஆலயம் -- பேரையுர்
-- சத்தியமூர்த்தி ஆலயம் – திருமயம்
--
மாரியம்மன் ஆலயம் – நார்த்தாமலை,திருவப்பு+ர்,கொன்னையு+ர்.
--
ஒடுகம் பட்டி தர்கா (மத நல்லிணக்க அடையாளம்)
--
திருப்புனல்வாசல் – சம்பந்தர், சுந்தர்ரால் பாடல் பெற்ற தலம்
--
திருவேங்கை வாசல் – தேவாரப பாடல் பெற்ற தலம்.
-- மூவர் கோவில் – குடுமியான் மலை
-- முருகன் கோவில் – விராலிமலை
-- முருகன் கோவில் - குமரமலை
-- காட்டுபாவா பள்ளிவாசல் –திருமயம்-திருப்பத்தூர்
சாலை
-- ஓரியூர் – தோமையார் ஆலயம்
--
ஆT+ர் – வீரமாமுனிவர்
கட்டிய மாதா கோவில்
-- புவனேஸ்வரி ஆலயம் – புதுக்கோட்டை
சான்றோர்கள்..
-- தியாகி முத்தையா (நேதாஜியின் ஐ.என்.ஏ.துணைத்
தளபதி)
-- அரு.லட்சுமணன் (உச்ச நீதிமன்ற நீதியரசர்)
இம்மாவட்டத்தில்
படித்து இந்திய ஆட்சிப் பணியாளரானவர்கள் -
-- சகாயம் (பெருஞ்சுனை)
-- ராமன் ( தேனிபட்டி)
-- பாலாஜி (குழிபிறை)
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